Economics

Economics is the social science that studies how individuals, groups, and nations allocate scarce resources to satisfy their needs and wants. It encompasses the analysis of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, and it examines the behavior and interactions of economic agents. Economics is typically divided into two main branches: microeconomics, which focuses on individual and business decision-making processes and the interaction of supply and demand in specific markets; and macroeconomics, which looks at broader economic factors such as national income, overall levels of employment, inflation, and economic growth. The field utilizes theories and models to understand how economies function and to develop policies aimed at optimizing resource use, promoting economic stability, and enhancing welfare.